PCOS Explained: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment Options
Polycystic ovary syndrome, known as PCOS, is one of the most common hormone conditions affecting women of reproductive age. Yet many women can go years without a clear diagnosis.
At Gynaeaesthetics London, Mr Mohammad Masood provides consultant-led assessment, diagnosis and treatment plans tailored to your symptoms and reproductive health.
What Is PCOS?
PCOS is a hormonal condition that affects how the ovaries work. Doctors diagnose it using a combination of symptoms, blood tests and, where appropriate, an ultrasound — not by ovarian cysts alone.
Women with PCOS may have higher androgen levels, sometimes referred to as male hormones. These hormonal changes can interfere with normal ovulation and the menstrual cycle.
Not every woman with PCOS has polycystic ovaries, despite the name. It is a common condition and is one of the recognised causes of irregular periods and fertility difficulties.
What Are the Symptoms of PCOS?
PCOS can look very different from one woman to another. Some women have mild symptoms, while for others it can affect daily life significantly.
Periods & Fertility
- Irregular, infrequent or missed periods
- Difficulty getting pregnant
- Problems with normal ovulation
Skin & Hair
- Excess facial or body hair
- Thinning hair or scalp hair loss
- Oily skin or persistent acne
Weight & Wellbeing
- Weight gain, particularly around the abdomen
- Difficulty losing weight
- Low mood or anxiety
- Tiredness or difficulty concentrating
What Causes PCOS?
The exact cause of PCOS is not fully understood. However, several factors are thought to play an important role.
Insulin Resistance
Many women with PCOS have insulin resistance, meaning the body does not respond to insulin as effectively as it should. Higher insulin levels can encourage the ovaries to produce more androgens.
Hormonal Imbalance
Higher androgen levels can interfere with normal ovulation and menstrual cycles, contributing to irregular periods and fertility difficulties.
Genetics
PCOS can run in families. Having a close relative with the condition may increase your likelihood of developing it.
Inflammation
Research also suggests that low-level inflammation may contribute to hormonal changes associated with PCOS.
How Is PCOS Diagnosed?
There is no single test for PCOS. Doctors commonly use the Rotterdam Criteria. Diagnosis generally involves identifying at least two of three features: irregular or absent periods, signs of raised androgen levels, or polycystic ovaries on ultrasound.
At Gynaeaesthetics London, your consultation with Mr Masood includes a detailed review of your symptoms and medical history.
Blood Tests
Hormone testing may include LH, FSH, testosterone, prolactin, insulin and other relevant investigations depending on your symptoms.
Pelvic Ultrasound
An ultrasound may be recommended to assess the ovaries and womb lining where clinically appropriate.
Additional Checks
Further investigations may be used to rule out other conditions that can produce similar symptoms.
What Are the Treatment Options for PCOS?
There is currently no single cure for PCOS, but symptoms can often be managed effectively. Treatment should be based on your individual symptoms, priorities and whether you are trying to conceive.
Lifestyle Changes
A balanced diet, regular physical activity and appropriate weight management can help improve symptoms and metabolic health.
Oral Contraceptives
Hormonal contraception may be prescribed to help regulate periods and manage symptoms such as acne or excess hair growth.
Metformin
Metformin may be considered for some women, particularly where insulin resistance or metabolic concerns are present.
Excess Hair & Acne
Treatment may include medication and appropriate dermatological or cosmetic options depending on the symptoms.
Fertility Treatment
Women who are trying to conceive may be offered treatment to support ovulation or referred for further fertility assessment where necessary.
Long-Term Health
Regular monitoring can help manage metabolic and reproductive health risks associated with PCOS.
The Emotional Impact of PCOS
PCOS is not only physical. Symptoms such as weight changes, acne, excess hair, irregular periods and fertility difficulties can affect confidence, relationships and emotional wellbeing.
Support for emotional health can form an important part of your overall care plan.
When Should You See a Specialist?
- Your periods are irregular or have stopped
- You are experiencing unexplained weight changes
- You have noticed excess facial or body hair
- You are struggling to conceive
- You suspect PCOS but have never had a formal diagnosis
- Your symptoms are affecting your daily life or emotional wellbeing
Why Choose Gynaeaesthetics London?
PCOS can present differently in every woman. Your treatment plan is built around your symptoms, reproductive health and individual priorities.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can PCOS be cured?
There is currently no cure for PCOS, but symptoms can often be managed effectively with a personalised treatment plan and appropriate ongoing care.
Will PCOS affect my ability to have children?
PCOS can affect ovulation and fertility, but many women with PCOS are able to conceive naturally or with appropriate treatment.
Do I need ovarian cysts to be diagnosed with PCOS?
No. A diagnosis does not require ovarian cysts alone. Doctors consider symptoms, hormone findings and ultrasound results together.
Does PCOS mean I will definitely gain weight?
No. PCOS affects women differently. Some women experience weight changes while others do not.
Is PCOS linked to other health conditions?
PCOS can be associated with metabolic and reproductive health issues, which is why regular medical review can be useful.
Get Clear Answers About Your Symptoms
If you think you may have PCOS or have been dealing with unexplained symptoms, book a private consultation for specialist assessment and a personalised treatment plan.